Why America Needs More City Parks and Open Space

The Benefits of Parks: Why America Needs More City Parks and Open Space BY Paul M. Sheerer Published by: 116 New Montgomery Street Fourth Floor San Francisco, CA 94105 (415) 495-4014 www. Tip. Organization 02006 the Trust for Public Land †Reprint of â€Å"Parks for People† white paper, distributed In 2003. Chapter by chapter guide Forward: Will Rogers, President, Trust for Public Land 5 Executive Summary 6 America Needs More City Parks U. S. Urban communities Are Park-Poor Low-Income Neighborhoods Are Desperately Short of Park Space Case Study: New Parks for Los Angles The Public Wants More Parks 8History of America's City Parks: Inspiration, Abandonment, Revival The Decline of City Parks A Revival Begins Budget Crises Threaten City Parks 10 Public Health Benefits of City Parks and Open Space America's Twin Plagues: Physical Inactivity and Obesity Access to Parks Increases Frequency of Exercise Exposure to Nature and Greenery Makes People Healthier 12 Economic Benefits of Parks 14 Increased Property Values Property Values in Low-Income Urban Areas Property Values at the Edges of Urban Areas Effects on Commercial Property Values Economic Revitalization: Attracting and Retaining Businesses and Residents TourismBenefits Environmental Benefits of Parks Pollution Abatement and Cooling Controlling Stemware Runoff 17 Social Benefits of Parks Reducing Crime Recreation Opportunities: The Importance of Play Creating Stable Neighborhoods with Strong Community 18 Conclusion 20 Notes 21 Bibliography 24 3 Forward At the turn of the twentieth century, most of Americans lived in country regions and modest communities, moderately near the land. Toward the start of the 21st century, 85 urgent need of spots to encounter nature and revive ourselves in the out-of-doors.The development of America as a urban country was foreseen by Frederick Law Limited and other nineteenth century park visionaries, who gave us New Work's Central Park, San Franciscans Golden Gate Park, an d comparative stupendous parks in urban areas the country over. They were cultivators and architects yet additionally evangelists for the intensity of parks, terminated from inside by the understanding that they were molding the nature of American lives for a long time into the future. In the perspective on these park visionaries, parks were not â€Å"amenities. They were necessities, giving amusement, motivation, and fundamental rest from the city blast and clamor. Furthermore, the visionaries were especially worried that parks be accessible to the entirety of a city inhabitants particularly the individuals who didn't have the assets to run away to the open country. As populace moved to suburbia after World War II, this vision of parks for all blurred. Numerous urban communities lost the assets to make new stops. Furthermore, in the new rural areas, the rambling scenes of bending CUL-De-sacs were broken for the most part by square shaped strip malls and solid stopping lots.The opp ortunity has arrived for Americans to rededicate themselves to the vision of parks for all the country's kin. As the activity's driving preservation bunch making parks in and around urban communities, the Trust for Public Land (TIP) has propelled its Parks for People activity in the conviction that each American youngster ought to appreciate helpful access to a close by park or play area. This white paper traces how frantic the need is for city parks-particularly in downtown neighborhoods. Also, it proceeds to portray the social, ecological, financial, and medical advantages parks bring to a city and its people.TIP trusts this paper will produce conversation about the requirement for parks, brief new exploration on the advantages f parks to urban areas, and fill in as a source of perspective for government pioneers and volunteers as they put forth the defense that parks are basic to the wellbeing and prosperity all things considered. You will discover more data about the requirement for city parks and their advantages in the Parks for People segment of Tap's Web website (www. Tip. Organization/poor) where you can likewise pursue Parks for People data and bolster Tap's Parks for People work.TIP is pleased to feature the requirement for parks in America's urban areas. Much obliged for Joining our push to guarantee a recreation center close enough for each American home. Will Rogers President, the Trust for Public Land City stops and open space improve our physical and mental wellbeing, fortify our networks, and cause our urban areas and neighborhoods increasingly appealing spots to live to and work. However, excessively barely any Americans can appreciate these advantages. 80% of Americans live in metropolitan regions, and huge numbers of these territories are seriously ailing in park space.Only 30 percent of Los Angles inhabitants live inside strolling separation mile. Low-salary neighborhoods populated by minorities and late outsiders are particularly shy of p ark space. From a value viewpoint, there is a solid need to review this irregularity. In Los Angles, white neighborhoods appreciate 31. 8 sections of land of park space for each 1,000 individuals, contrasted and 1. 7 sections of land in African-American neighborhoods and 0. 6 sections of land in Latino neighborhoods. This unjust dispersion of park space hurts the inhabitants of these networks and makes considerable expenses for the country as a whole.U. S. Voters have over and again demonstrated their eagerness to raise their own expenses to pay for new or improved parks. In 2002, 189 protection financing measures showed up on voting forms in 28 states. Voters endorsed seventy five percent of these, creating $10 billion in preservation related subsidizing. Huge numbers of the country's extraordinary city parks were worked in the second 50% of the nineteenth century. Urban organizers accepted the parks would improve general wellbeing, ease the worries of urban life, and make a showin g open space where rich and poor would blend on equivalent terms.By the mid-twentieth century, city parks fell into decrease as individuals fled downtowns for suburbia. Suburbia fared no better, as individuals accepted that terraces would meet the necessity for open space. Over the recent decades, enthusiasm for city parks has restored. Governments and municipal gatherings around the nation have revalidated run-down city parks, fabricated greengages along streams, changed over deserted railroad lines to trails, and planted network gardens in empty lots.But with the current financial downturn, states and urban communities confronting serious spending emergencies are cutting their park burning through, undermining the strength of existing parks, and shortening the production of new stops. Solid proof shows that when individuals approach parks, they practice more. Normal physical movement as been appeared to expand wellbeing and decrease the danger of a wide scope of ailments, includin g coronary illness, hypertension, colon malignant growth, and diabetes. Physical action additionally diminishes manifestations of misery and tension, improves disposition, and upgrades mental well-being.Beyond the advantages of activity, a developing assortment of exploration shows that contact with the regular world improves physical and mental wellbeing. In spite of the significance of activity, just 25 percent of American grown-ups participate in the suggested degrees of physical action, and 29 percent take part in no recreation time physical movement. The stationary way of life and unfortunate eating routine of Americans have created a pestilence of stoutness. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has required the making of more stops and play areas to help battle this epidemic.Numerous examines have demonstrated that parks and open space increment the benefit of neighboring private property. Developing proof focuses to a comparable advantage on business property estima tion. The accessibility of park and amusement offices is a significant personal satisfaction factor for enterprises picking where to find offices and for accomplished people picking a spot to live. City stops, for example, San Notation's Riverview Park regularly become significant the travel industry draws, contributing intensely Green space in urban zones gives considerable natural benefits.Trees decrease air contamination and water contamination, they help keep urban communities cooler, and they are a progressively viable and more affordable approach to oversee stemware spillover than building frameworks of solid sewers and waste trench. City stops additionally produce significant social and network advancement benefits. They make downtown neighborhoods increasingly bearable; they offer recreational open doors for in danger youth, low-salary kids, and low-pay families; and they give places n low-pay neighborhoods where individuals can feel a feeling of community.Access to open par ks and recreational offices has been unequivocally connected to decreases in wrongdoing and specifically to diminished Juvenile misconduct. Network gardens increment occupants' feeling of network proprietorship and stewardship, give a concentration to neighborhood exercises, uncover downtown youth to nature, interface individuals from various societies, lessen wrongdoing by tidying up empty parts, and manufacture network pioneers. Considering these advantages, the Trust for Public Land requires a recovery of the city parks development of the late nineteenth century.We welcome all Americans to Join the push to bring parks, open spaces, and greengages into the country's neighborhoods where everybody can profit by them. 7 The occupants of numerous U. S. Urban areas need sufficient access to parks and open space close to their homes. In 2000, 80 percent of Americans were living in metropolitan zones, up from 48 percent in 1940. 1 The recreation center space in a large number of these me tropolitan zones is terribly lacking. In Atlanta, for instance, parkland covers just 3. 8 percent of the city area.Atlanta has no open green space bigger than 33% of a square mile. 2 The city has just 7. Sections of land of park space for each 1,000 inhabitants, contrasted and a 19. 1 section of land normal for other medium-low populace thickness urban areas. 3 The story is a lot of the equivalent in Los Angles, San Jose, New Orleans, and Dallas. Indeed, even in urban communities that have significant park space all in all, the inhabitants of numerous areas need access to close by parks. In New York City, for instance, about portion of the city 59 network board distri

In creation of annales school Essay

experienced an emergency. During the Third Republic, students of history had set up a solid nearness inside French colleges by showing political history of the French country. After World War I, nonetheless, students of history confronted a test to their incredible position. In the late twenties and mid thirties the administration decreased the quantity of encouraging presents made accessible on history specialists in optional and advanced education. Also, some French educated people scrutinized the estimation of expert history, blaming antiquarians for adding to the ascent of jingoistic patriotism. With regards to these difficulties to the status of history, a few students of history chose to adjust the manner in which they composed political history. In light of a legitimate concern for â€Å"intellectual disarmament,† the Comite francais des sciences historiques and the Comite francais de la collaboration intellectuelle partook in a global exertion to revise history course readings. In 1929 the history specialists Marc Bloch and Lucien Febvre propelled another diary Annales d’histoire economique et sociale. They did as such in anticipation of changing the verifiable order by giving a scene to the distribution of research concentrated on social and monetary history. All through a great part of the journal’s history, editors of Annales supported a style of history that transcended the aggregation of reality, that activated antiquarians to handle shared issues, and that tried to fabricate unions among various fields in the sociologies. Antiquarians in Europe and the United States have seen the formation of Annales as a significant defining moment throughout the entire existence of the authentic calling and the French sociologies. After World War II the diary, at that point renamed Annales: economies, societes, civilisations, filled in as an energizing point for youthful French students of history keen on investigating new ways to deal with composing history. Taking up the scholarly program previously characterized by Bloch and Febvre, Annales’s post-WWII editors pushed a style of history that obtained issues and strategies from demography, financial aspects, and topography. This paper show how Bloch and Febvre drew on the worry about scholarly over-specialization and the pattern to collectivize explore so as to shape look into on monetary history and country society. Despite the fact that Bloch proposed various cooperative ventures, the backbone of the journal’s achievement was its thoughtfulness regarding country history. The political import of research on country social orders and the social governmental issues of scholarly participation hence end up being significant assets in the improvement of Annales’s scholarly program. HISTORIOGRAPHY Over the previous two decades students of history have been checking out the journal’s heritage to history and sociology. A significant topic in assessments of Annales is the journal’s interdisciplinary desire. A few students of history of history delineate the partnerships haggled among history and the sociologies as hazardous. For instance, Georg Iggers and Lawrence Stone fight that in copying the sociologies the New History dismissed the manners by which people leave a mark on the world. Indicating to inspect society at its most significant levels, Annales antiquarians would in general leave a mark on the world not an investigation of progress but rather a study of static social orders. A few students of history are reevaluating the benefits of sociology history. In an assortment of expositions on historiography Immanuel Wallerstein, when a defender of Annales history, broadcasts that the opportunity has arrived to move past Annales and the accentuation on interdisciplinarity. Advocates of the New Cultural History have gotten some distance from the mixing of geology, financial matters, demography, human science, and history that had been the sign of Annales history from the fifties to the mid seventies. Some of them, including the Annales antiquarian Herman Lebovics, attract on scholarly hypothesis to scrutinize the presumptions and classes utilized by numerous social and monetary students of history in their examinations. The reconsideration of history’s unions with the sociologies is filled mostly by a response to the scientization of the control and incompletely by scholars of verifiable composition, who have caused to notice the logical and artistic parts of history. Adopting an alternate strategy to breaking down the connection among history and sociology, Terry Clark and Francois Dosse take a gander at the capacity of rivalry in scholarly life. Clark portrays the administration of students of history over the foundation of the Sixth Section as the aftereffect of a battle among antiquarians and sociologists for control of institutional assets. More polemical than Clark, Dosse unmistakably assaults Annales historians’ propensity to strike other sociologies in their determined quest for new themes and strategies. Dosse proposes that interdisciplinarity was only a type of scholarly greed that drove students of history to ingest (or endeavor to assimilate) other scholarly fields. The outcome is an interwoven history that had lost soundness as a control. Two sources help incredibly in assessment of Marc Bloch’s life and work, his impact and job in setting up the Annales School. The Susan Friedman book Marc Bloch, Sociology, and Geography: Encountering Changing Disciplines, gives incredible inclusion of Bloch’s life and vocation: some key and huge points of view and occasions are portrayed and talked about completely in that. What's more, Carole Fink’s book Marc Bloch: A Life in History gives scholarly and political catalog of Annales fellow benefactor. THE ANNALES PROGRAM From the journal’s commencement through the finish of the thirties, Bloch and Febvre attempted to make an aggregate soul among Annales’s perusers and givers. In the letter that went with the main issue of the diary, they broadcasted that the youthful periodical was conceived of â€Å"in exertion to rapprochement of contributors,† whose desire was to work cooperatively â€Å"constant network. † By the finish of the thirties Bloch and Febvre alluded to a typical character that was shared by the individuals who mobilized to the diary. In 1939, when they ended their relationship with Armand Colin and started to distribute the diary freely, they again engaged the aggregate soul of their supporters. The reference to the solidarity of the journal’s â€Å"disciples† was the most express inspiration of solidarity to show up during the thirties. Notwithstanding making an unequivocal intrigue to cooperation and coordinated effort, Bloch and Febvre advertised Annales to both scholastic and non-scholarly perusers. In the arranging period of the diary in 1928, they educated their distributer that they foreseen offering memberships to college libraries in France and abroad just as to civil libraries. Also proficient students of history in advanced education, they chose to make an intrigue to history instructors in French secondary schools just as nearby intellectuals, whose cooperative attitude and research endeavors had been squandered, they felt, in the exercises of commonplace scholarly social orders. In their endeavors to showcase the diary, they conveyed two possibilities †one for proficient history specialists and another for the nearby academic. As Febvre composed, he and Bloch expected to include, as an outflow of cooperative attitude, individual notes to the duplicates of the plan bound for common scientists. Proficient sociologists and specialists on society and financial aspects contained the last significant gathering of potential perusers and supporters that Bloch and Febvre had as a main priority in 1928. With the distribution of Annales beginning in 1929, Bloch attempted to utilize the diary to propel his vocation. From the get-go in the mid thirties, he effectively crusaded for a situation in Paris, and he had his eye Camille Jullian’s Chair at the College de France. In 1930, Bloch wrote a complimenting review article on Jullian’s profession, and late in 1932, he lauded Jullian’s prelude to Guy de Tournadre’s L’histoire du comte de Forealquier, while oppressing Tournadre to abrading analysis. Bloch additionally assaulted the medievalist Louis Halphen in an audit of Halphen’s commitment to Cambridge University Press’s multi-volume arrangement on medieval history. During the twenties Halphen and Bloch had engaged a competition. Both involved the field of medieval history and in this way competed with one another for a situation in Paris. Amidst that competition every student of history attempted to build up his scholarly specialty and institutional toehold by characterizing himself contrary to the next. Despite the fact that Bloch’s endeavors to join the College de France fizzled, he won a situation at the Sorbonne in 1935. Bloch, who was Halphen’s junior by six years, got a Parisian arrangement just a single year after Halphen expected his Chair at the Sorbonne in 1934. Somewhere in the range of 1932 and 1934, Bloch and Febvre effectively requested commitments from non-scholarly scientists by presenting another style of request †the â€Å"enquete contemporaine. † The contemporary examinations were not intended to be all things considered executed research ventures, and Bloch and Febvre offered no particular research direction. Rather, the diary distributed on-going or late work on the economy of contemporary Europe, and most benefactors composed articles on such subjects as banking and fund. By planning ventures that approached the commitment of such a kind, they would have liked to energize various gatherings †novice, expert, and master †around the diary. By picking such an assortment of researchers to take an interest in the diary, Bloch and Febvre hence characterized the scholarly strategic the diary extensively. In addition, they intentionally left such terms as â€Å"social† and â€Å"economic† inexactly characterized. Bloch’s correspondence with the student of history of Japan Kanichi Asakawa uncovered a cognizant choice to leave open the journal’

Aggressiveness Brain Success essays

Forcefulness Brain Success articles These days, the ladies in Asia are getting an ever increasing number of notorieties than previously. In China the best and invited TV anchormen are the people half to half and the female anchormen have substantially more opportunity to participate in some TV arrangement appear than their male partners; even the national lady soccer group of China, after they procured the second prize in the World Cup a year ago, their splendid greatness eradicated our male soccer player⠡â ¯s ineptitude. Ladies, particularly the Asian ladies, are not, at this point those whom just needed to remain at home dealing with her better half and kids, making meals and cleaning the houses to consume her entire time on earth. Presently some of them might want to share considerably more regard from the men as opposed to get by relying upon them as in the past. How could ladies stand up so quick? Why couldn⠡â ¯t they understand 100 years sooner? As the article RISE OF THE ASIA WOMEN has referenced, the women⠡â ¯s ascending at present, relies for the most part upon the advancement of the new economy, which incorporates IT, the board, and data administrations. Females who are fruitful in certain fields are the individuals who have gotten advanced education and have a lot of skill in their work. Females are brought into the world a similar IQ level with the male, so to utilize their shrewdness is the key for their prosperity. It will be non sense for them to contend the men by quality. They need mind. Numerous works, in any case, requests both astuteness when at work, and forcefulness for vicious test. So to be forceful as a man, instead of amazing, makes sense in women⠡â ¯s ascending. In custom, women are submissive to the men and afterward what did they get, the fault, the beat, and the partiality? They are not allowed to have t heir own considerations and recommendations to outrage the benefits of male, and that makes the ladies uncouth and they never oppose as of recently. In any case, presently, things are very surprising. A few ladies set out to hurl distinctive feeling t ... <!

Sample Book Review Harry Potter And The Order Of The Phoenix

Book reviews are often assigned in school, a task that will appear in many courses throughout the years. Despite its recurring nature, book reviews remain to be significant, as this allows students to gain a clear understanding of a novel they have read. This also allows the instructors to check whether the students have actually read the book or not, as here, opinions and critique remain to be significant aspects of writing a book review. Below is an example of a book review, submitted by an anonymous writer.Book Review Sample: Harry Potter and the Order of the PhoenixAs the fifth installment of the book series, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix takes readers further into the dark side of Harrys world. Known worldwide as the Boy Who Lived, J.K. Rowling gives us whats next of Harry Potters story. Here, he faces his greatest fear the return of the Dark Wizard responsible for the scar on his head, his parents murder, the worlds almost demise.PlotAs a fifteen-year-old, Harry no t only faces the biggest threat of all time, but how the rest of the people around him decide to treat him. Having returned to Hogwarts the year prior clutching Cedric Diggorys lifeless body and claiming that Voldemort has returned, most people have been convinced that he was lying. The Ministry of Magic refuses to believe that the Darkest Wizard of all time has returned and launches a propaganda attack not only on Harry, but the Hogwarts Headmaster, Albus Dumbledore, adding fuel to the already burning skepticism of the public. To further add to their woes, Harry and his friends encounter the despicable Dolores Umbridge, who took post as their new Defense Against the Dark Arts teacher to act as a spy for the Ministry. As Harry deals with rumors and gossip that follow him everywhere, he finds himself slipping further away from his friends. His temper rises to fury often, and people become wary around him. As Umbridge continues to terrorize the school and refuse to teach students defe nse against dark magic, Harry and his friends decided to fight back through an underground group resistance. They have decided that while Umbridge and the rest of the Ministry continues to reject the idea of Voldemorts return, they shall be learning defensive magic for the inevitable war.Seasons pass at Hogwarts, but come Christmas time things become darker still. Harry has dreamt of Mr. Weasley being attacked by a snake, and through this, they have learned a dangerous fact about Harry - his mind was connected to Voldemorts. Even with attempts to sever this connection through the use of Occlumency, Voldemort discovers this connection in time and uses it against Harry. Voldemort plants a false memory of Sirius, Harrys beloved godfather, being tortured by him at the Ministry. Harry, panicked by the vision, runs to London to rescue Sirius, backed up by his friends. Upon arriving, they realized that they have been lured into a trap, and discovered a prophecy that Voldemort has been long ing for all year; a prophecy about Harry and him:..and either must die at the hand of the other for neither can live while the other survives...They face the murderous Death Eaters in an attempt to protect the prophecy and themselves, and they were forced into a violent battle. Soon, however, Harry and his friends ended up either badly hurt or captured, and he was forced to surrender. The Order of the Phoenix, an organization made to resist and fight against Voldemort, arrives on the scene, and Sirius flings himself into the heart of the battle. As it ensues, the prophecy ends up being destroyed, and Sirius dies at the hands of his estranged cousin, Bellatrix Lestrange. In grief and agony, Harry runs after her, but finds himself cornered by Voldemort himself once again. As if on cue, Dumbledore arrives, and the two most powerful wizards duel. As soon as Voldemort realizes he was losing, his focus shifted back to Harry and attempted to possess him. Harry, recalling all the love and f riendship in his body drives him away. It was later revealed that it had pained Voldemort to possess Harry, as his heart was too pure for the evil Voldemort has.CharactersHarry Potter Harry is the main protagonist of the story. He is one of the most famous wizards of all time for defeating Lord Voldemort when he was still a baby. He lost his parents, but found home in Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. As Voldemort rises again, he is haunted by their connection and the war to come.Hermione Granger Hermione is one of Harrys best friends and hailed as the brightest witch of her time, much to the surprise of many. Hermione is borne of Muggle parents, but her intelligence and affinity with magic cannot be denied.Ron Weasley Ron is another one of Harrys best friends. He is the 5th of the Weasley siblings. Fiercely loyal and brave, he comes to Harrys whenever needed especially when they need to stay up late to cram assignments.Albus Dumbledore He is hailed as one of the great est wizards of all time, making him both respected and feared. He is the headmaster of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry when Harry arrived until problems arose due to Voldemorts return.Dolores Umbridge Vile and cruel, Dolores Umbridges loyalty lies with the Ministry of Magic, where she is Senior Undersecretary to the Minister.Lord Voldemort Most wizards are afraid to speak his name, as he is responsible for many murders and the propaganda of racial superiority. Voldemort is the embodiment of pure evil and is the main antagonist in the story.Sirius Black Sirius is Harrys godfather, having once been the best friend of James Potter. He is an animagus, which is the ability to transform into an animal at will. He takes form of a shaggy black dog named Padfoot. Wrongly been accused of murder, he has long been forced into hiding after his escape from the wizard prison Azkaban. He is a member of the Order of the Phoenix.Remus Lupin Remus was also one of James Potters best friends , and still remains to be a close friend of Sirius. As a child, he was transformed into a werewolf, which is a lifelong affliction that the society uses to shun and discriminate him. He is also a member of the Order.Professor Severus Snape Snape is a professor at Hogwarts, but is hated by many due to his cruel personality. He is, however, revered by the Slytherins, where he serves as Head of House. His prowess as Potions master, however, is indubitable. A former Death Eater, he is mistrusted by many, but Dumbledore himself vouches for him and inducts him as part of the Order.Draco Malfoy Draco is the arch nemesis of Harry at Hogwarts, and the cause of the Trios misfortunes. He is of pureblood descent, making him and his family in favour of Voldemorts ideals. His father, Lucius Malfoy, is a Death Eater.Rubeus Hagrid Hagrid is Hogwarts gamekeeper turned professor. He is half-giant, and a good friend of the Harry, Ron, and Hermione.Ginny Weasley Ginny is Rons sister, the last of the W easley siblings, and the only daughter. She is regarded as beautiful and fierce, known for the strength of her Bat-Bogey Hex. She is a member of Dumbledores Army and fights with Harry at the Ministry.Luna Lovegood -Luna is also part of Dumbledores Army, but she is often discriminated because of her eccentric beliefs and behaviour. Most people call her Loony.Neville Longbottom Neville has always attracted misfortune, as he is incredibly clumsy and forgetful. However, he joins Dumbledores Army where he learned defensive magic from Harry, allowing him to fight alongside with the others at the Ministry.Bellatrix Lestrange Bellatrix has been locked up in Azkaban for many years, and has broken out upon Voldemorts return. She has killed and tortured many people, including Nevilles parents, who have been tortured into insanity. She comes from the Black family, making her Siriuss cousin.Lucius Malfoy -Lucius is the father of Draco Malfoy and is a Death Eater. He uses his money to threaten an d manipulate people, and has become an asset to Voldemort in an attempt to infiltrate the Ministry.Cornelius Fudge Power-hungry and corrupt, Fudge serves as the Minister of Magic. He is threatened by Dumbledore, and that prompted him to launch a propaganda attack.SettingMost of the events in the book happened at Hogwarts, but many notable events also happened at the Orders headquarters, 12 Grimmauld Place, as well as the Ministry of Magic.ThemeThe theme of this book runs throughout the entire series: the importance of love, friendship, loyalty, and the triumph of good over evil. Time and time again, Rowling writes love as the ultimate form of magic making even the evil of Voldemort vulnerable. In this book, however, darker themes are explored. There is also the aspect of rebellion in the form of Dumbledores Army and the Order of the Phoenix, both defying tyranny and extreme ideologies.Critical Analysis and ReflectionHarry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is one of the longest Ha rry Potter books, and my favourite out of the seven. Here, the atmosphere gets darker, as we find ourselves in the midst of what the world can be in Voldemorts power, a time we have only been hearing from characters in the past few books. While the ultimate battle between good and evil draws near, Rowling does not forget that her characters are merely teenagers, fifteen at that, struggling to make sense of their own identities. We find Harry dealing with girl troubles, Luna dealing with bullies, and Neville slowly understanding his strength. We find Ron and Hermione struggle with their relationship and feelings, and other characters dealing with teenage angst and drama.The story, despite carrying the theme of revolution and war, has been made to be relatable. This may come in the form of Dolores Umbridge, a professor with dictatorship tendencies our main characters have to face. To an extent and at some point in our lives, we have dealt with our own Umbridges perhaps a professor un willing to give you that grade you deserve, or a school authority figure refusing to hear the student bodys pleas. In any case, we can argue that the character Dolores Umbridge exists in the world, and weve all had our encounters.Another issue that has struck me the most was the Ministry of Magics antics. Refusing to believe that Voldemort has returned, Cornelius Fudge derives the idea that Dumbledore is trying to usurp his position. Due to this, he goes as far as subtly launching a propaganda attack on both Harry and Dumbledore, using his power over the popular newspaper publication called the Daily Prophet. His behaviour, along with his cronies, greatly mirrors the realities of our own political systems. Such corruption and greed exist, and Fudges connection with Lucius Malfoys money is a testament to how some politicians, both current and time past, work under the guise of a good public image.Despite the dark times ahead, Harry continues to find love and light from his friends an d family Ron and Hermione, the Weasleys, the Order, and of course, Sirius. Harry Potter remains to be a story about hope, love, and friendship. Although death is inevitable, Rowling teaches us that all that good things are worth fighting for. There will be pain and scars, but as long as the little flame remains, darkness will never prevail.An academic writing service for studentsHarry Potter remains to be a cult classic, a favourite of many students due to its fascinating world, characters, and themes, despite being quite controversial. Should you ever be assigned the story of Harry Potter to read, then we hope that the book review sample above will serve as a guide as you craft your own. 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Annotated Bibliography Literacy As Foreign Aid - 704 Words

Austin Hammond ENGL 2311.350 Dr. Gregory September 25, 2014 Annotated Bibliography: Literacy as Foreign Aid to Developing Nations Abosi, Okey. Educating Children With Learning Disabilities In Africa. Learning Disabilities Research Practice (Wiley-Blackwell) 22.3 (2007): 196-201. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Sept. 2014. Abosi addresses the concern of children in African classrooms that are challenged with learning disorders and examines the diverse contributing factors such as: health issues, poverty, lack of school materials, and motivational issues, and how they interfere with the learning environment. His study examines the current condition of education for students with learning disabilities, especially in Botswana, and the factors for providing effective services for student success. Abubakar, Sanusi. â€Å"Illiteracy Is Both Developmental and National Security Issue [column].† African News Service 10 Sept. 2013. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 25. Sept. 2014. Abubakar stresses why education is valuable beyond the focus of intellectual development and how education influences the well-being of a society. The author provides a general overview on the dilemma of illiteracy in developing countries and statistics conveying: adult literacy rates, children out-of-school information, and figures on literacy level improvements and literate populations. Appiah, Elizabeth N., and Walter W. McMahon. The Social Outcomes Of Education And Feedbacks On Growth InShow MoreRelatedAction Research for Esl Students5641 Words   |  23 PagesResearch Question†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Page Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page Setting and Sample Population†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page Data Collection and Procedures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Page Intervention Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page Conclusion and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Page Annotated Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Page References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page Issues Regarding English as a Second Action Research Proposal 3 Abstract: The issue of Immersing English as a Second Language andRead MoreAdvancing Effective Communicationcommunication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care Quality Safety Equity53293 Words   |  214 Pages.....................................................................................40 Address the communication needs of patients with sensory or communication impairments ....................................................41 Integrate health literacy strategies into patient discussions and materials ................................................................................42 Incorporate cultural competence and patient- and family-centered care concepts into care delivery ..............Read MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagespoints being made. The volume has been rethought, reworked, and reedited, indeed renewed, to reflect recent changes and new issues in the information services environment. Citations and examples have been updated and the Web site expanded as a valuable aid for teaching and learning as well as managing information services. New examples of library and information service practice are included. The edition incorporates more international materials; some provide direct application for those seeking to establishRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesfacilitative potential for the exercise of control. It does so without denying that performance management frequently takes place in a hierarchical context with persistent power asymmetries. As such, the concept of enabling control holds the potential to aid in an understanding of the practical operation of performance management that combines the ambition of empowerment with the reality of individually distributed responsibilities and hierarchy. Frequently, however, the control concepts that are written

Ratios case Example

Essays on Ratios case Assignment Case on Ratio Analysis Question one The of the company under review is the Texas Instruments Inc known as TXN on the market. The company’s financial year-end is at December 31 of each year. 17141000 dollars as at the end of the financial year marked December 31, 2013 were the outstanding shares at the end of the financial year under consideration. Price per share for the company is calculated using common stockholder’s equity divided by common shares outstanding. This is equivalent to 10807000/1714000 =6.3 per share. Market capitalization is outstanding shares multiplied by share value. Question two Read about your company using the information in the 10-K. You need to understand the nature of the company, its products/services, and its customers. Using FactSet, generate a list of 5 competitors that compete most directly with your firm and list them. Be certain your list of competitors is logical given what you know about the company. Do not include companies as competitors just because they are listed on FACTSET as having the same NAICS or SIC code. Do some research on each company before you include them as a competitor. Choose and label the major competitor from this list. The major competitor should be selected based on competing for the same customers, not just their size in sales or market capitalization. Justify your selection of this company as the major competitor. Be prepared to invest significant effort in this analysis. Company description The company Texas Instruments Inc was developed and started in 1930. TXN is a company that designs, sells and deals in the manufactures of electronics and semiconductors. The company has grown its business through its segmented operations that include the analog developments, Embedded processing and last comes others. The analog segment of the business deals with the development of high volume analog products also automotive safety products. The company also produces touch screen controllers integrated motor controllers among other of its products that have designed their own niche in the market. The analog segment also provides the market with quality high performance products that include high-speed converters for data, sensors, and amplifiers among others. The second segment the embedded processing segment deals with processor products that include digital signals, processes microcontrollers memory aspects, peripherals and many more products. Based on these, the company produces t hese products to capture the market and control activities of their competition. The other segment deals with the production of projector products, integrated circuits and the production of calculators. Baseband products and connectivity product all fall under this category of products. The marketing aspects that the company employs in dealing with the market and handling their competition include direct sales and the use of distributors as a channel of business. RATIO FORMULA FOR RATIO CALCULATION RATIO FOR YOUR FIRM BASED ON 10-K Calculated—show work RATIO FOR YOUR FIRM FROM FACTSET RATIO OF TOP COMPETITOR QUALCOMM Incorporated RATIO OF PEER GROUP LIQUIDITY RATIOS Current Ratio Current assets /current liabilities Current assets/current liabilities 8019000/2747000= 2.9 19555000/5213000 = 3.75 Acid Test Ratio (cash+accounts receivable+short term investments)/current liabilities (1627000+1596000+2202000)/2747000 = 2.0 (6142000+2715000+8824000)/5213000 = 3.4 Average Collection Period (Days*Average amount of accounts receivable)/credit sales (365*133000)/1596000= 30.4 (365*226250)/2715000= 30.4 AP Deferral Period Total supplier purchases/average accounts payable 9820000/(23293000/12)=40.12 9820000/1941083= 5.1 Inventory Conversion Period Inventory/cost of sales/365 1731000/(5841000/365) = 108.2 1302000/(9820000/365)= 48.4 Cash Conversion Cycle DIO+DSO-DPO CAPITAL STRUCTURE RATIOS Times Interest Earned EBIT/totals interest payable on bonds and other contractual debts 27820000/7000 = 397.43 8194000/31000 = 246.32 Debt Ratio Total debt/total assets 4158000/18938000= 0.22 0/207000000= 0 Equity Multiplier Assets/stock holder equity 18938000/10807000 = 1.75 45516000/36088000 = 1.26 ASSET MANAGEMENT EFFICIENCY RATIOS Total Asset Turnover Sales or revenues/total assets 12205000/18938000= 0.64 24866000/45516000= 0.55 Fixed Asset Turnover Net sales/total fixed assets 12205000/10919000 = 1.12 24866000/259619000 = 0.96 PROFITABILITY RATIOS Gross Profit Margin (Revenue-COGS)/revenue (12205000-5841000)/12205000 = 0.52 (24866000-9820000)/24866000 = 0.6 Operating Profit Margin Operating income/ net sales 2832000/12205000 = 0.23 7230000/24866000 = 0.3 Net Profit Margin (FactSet labels this Net Margin) Net profit/revenue 2162000/12205000 = 0.18 6853000/24866000 = 0.28 Operating Return on Assets (OROA) Net income/total assets 12205000/18938000 = 0.64 24866000/45516000 = 0.55 ROE Net income/shareholders equity 2162000/10807000 = 0.20 6853000/36088000 = 0.19 MARKET VALUE RATIO Price-Earnings Ratio (Use LTM- Last Twelve Months) Market value per share/earnings per share 48.75/1.10 = 44.32 75.53/1.20 = 62.94 EPS (Net income-dividends on preferred stock)/average outstanding shares (2162000-1175000)/(10807000/12) = 1.10 $2.69 (6853000-2055000)/(36088000/12) = 1.20 Market-to-Book Ratio Book value of firm/market value of firm 1.10/48.75 = 0.023 1.20/75.53 = 0.016 Question three: Using the following table, explain the information provided by each of the following ratios, explain how this information would impact your decision of whether or not to invest in this company, and compare the ratio for your company to the top competitor and the peer group. Use bullet points and limit your comments to the space provided. Describe the information provided by this group of ratios Which users of financial information would be most interested in these ratios and for what decision? As a result of comparing the ratios for your company to the top competitor and the peer group, state a conclusion: stronger, comparable weaker. Support your conclusion by references specific ratios as needed. Liquidation ratios Liquidation ratios aim at defining the possibility of a company easily to convert the possessions into cash. Creditors need this information to decide if the company is in position to pay their dues in time and have security in case of liquidation. According to the information provided, the liquidation levels for QUALCOOL seem stronger compared to those of NXT. Capital structure ratios Capital structure ratios aim at describing the capital security of the business and its growth and potential. Shareholders and investors. These need this information to know how secure the company is for the future aspects. In capital comparison, NXT remains strong with a high capital nature though with high debt to asset ratio. Asset management efficiency ratios Asset management ratios aim at controlling the asset ability of the business. The ability of the business to develop and grow their assets. Shareholders and managers. These need the information to ensure that the company is advancing and protected in their value. According to return on assets, the returns on assets for NXT seemed more encouraging compared to those of QUALCOMM. This shows a better asset management structure for NXT compared to that of QUALCOMM. Profitability ratios Profitability ratios provide the profit ability of the business. The ability of the business to remain profitable for more years ahead giving investors more confidence. Shareholders and prospective investors. These need the information to evaluate their future in the business. The fact that the business is in position to remain profitable for longer period. According to the profitability ratios, the NXT company is doing better compared to apple and the peers. Market value ratios Market value shows the value of the company in relation to market dynamics. The ability of the company to hold good market values gives shareholders confidence. Stakeholders and shareholders need this information to determine the effect of their actions to the business and if it is in position to remain capturing to the market hence remain profitable. According to the market value ratios, NXT is stronger in the market compared to the competitors. Question Four: When firms enter into loan agreements with their bank it is very common for the agreement to have a restriction on the minimum current ratio the firm has to maintain. So, it is important that the firm be aware of the effects of their decisions on the current ratio. Â  If the company needed to make its current ratio higher to conform to a debt covenant, what are their potential strategies? The current ratio of a company explains the current assets over current liabilities that the company holds. A high current ratio shows that the company has assets that remain in position to take care of their liabilities in case of a liquidation threat. The current ratio provides the company with a position that the bank feels is secure to provide funding to the company. It makes the bank comfortable and sure that the company is in position to payback the amount being advanced. For the company to increase its current ratio there is need for it to concentrate in building their assets and making them more secure and in position to sustain the financial liabilities that the company may have. One way the company can increase their current assets is through the increasing of their production capacity and stock levels. The impact this will have in the company especially with borrowed more is that the money is in position to grow faster and hence making them in position to pay back the loan facility. Question Five: Using bullets, list three pieces of additional information you would want to have if you were making an investment decision regarding the company. (Hint: refer back to the GB112 course project.) The percentage of shares held by each individual shareholders. The growth plan that the company has for the next five years. Their plan to handle the current growth of liabilities in the company.

Article Appraisal for Critical Appraisal Program - myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theArticle Appraisal for Critical Appraisal Program. Answer: Introduction There is an increasing volume of published research accessible to health professionals. With ever changing developments and new evidence it is also important to have strategies to access and interpret this material so that you can provide the best care to your patients. To ensure you that you can safely use evidence to influence your clinical decision making, you need to have skills in assessing the quality and relevance of the research you find, these skills are described as critical appraisal.The tool that would be used in the study is called CASP or the Critical Appraisal Skills program tool. The paper selected is by author Hiscock et al. (2014) namely Preventing Early Infant Sleep and Crying Problems and Postnatal Depression: A Randomized Trial. Background: Modern day parents are complaining about their incapability to handle their infants well. They state that they are often unable to understand the reason of their babies crying and therefore feel helpless about how to make the baby calm (Kettunen, Koistinen Hintikka, 2014). Such activities make them spend sleepless nights where they wake up in a tired state and feel physically weak. Often such symptoms are often making them depressed and hence they are not being able to provide as much care to the baby as they should get (Gorman, 2017). Moreover, the babies are having sleepless nights when they frequently wake up and cry, have day sleeps and cry a lot (DeChowdhury et al., 2014). Hence, interventions for the betterment of health for both the parents and the babies are extremely necessary. Pico question: population intervention comparison outcome Time Parents of new born who undergo interventions Proper trainings about handling babies, information about their crying patterns, reasons of crying, and similar others Control group Results in lessening of babies lack of sleep at night (primary outcome), reduction in crying and ay time sleep. Results in lessening depression and stress and anxiety among parents or caregivers. Within 4 to 6 months of the new born Pico question: Do Parents who are properly trained about different information about sleeping and crying pattern for babies as well as get support and undertake discussion about sleeping and crying issues of babies suffer from less depression, stress and anxiety than parents who do not get the intervention in the first four to six months? In order to appraise the article CASP tool is used as follows: The first criteria that the article needs to fulfil is the question that whether the article is addressing a clearly focused issue (Nadelson Nadelson, 2014) . These criteria were correctly fulfilled as the researchers have rightly chosen the participants and have mentioned their process of choosing such participants clearly. They have given a proper diagram of the choosing procedure of the participant making it easier for the reader to develop an understanding if the participants at a glance. The trail consisted of consulting caregivers for 781 infants who were born at 32 weeks or local in 42 child centres over Melbourne, Australia. The interventions were also rightly discussed. They included the supply of information about normal infant sleep and their crying patterns, medical causes of crying, and information about parent self care within a DVD which was handed to caregivers and also via booklet. They also discussed how they changed the mode of information with gradual passing of w eeks like form booklets to telephone conversation to discussion of parents group and child care group. In case of the comparator, one can suggest that such interventions neither were nor provided to the control group and they were only assisted b y regular support of nurses which were only provided through MCH service. Outcomes were also thoroughly discussed in the form of infant measures with the help of likert scale where the caregivers provided answers to close ended to measure severity of each issues and also completed a 72 hour infant behaviour questions diary. The outcome was also measured for caregiver measures with help of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index which was measured by 4 subscales of the MCISQ which helped them to reach to a definite conclusion about the effectivity of the interventions. The second criterion that was to be analysed is whether the participants who were assigned to the interventions properly randomised. The second criterion was also properly conducted by the researchers. This is said so because the researchers have discussed the details of how caregivers were invited participant allotment in details. The participants were caregivers who were cared by the MCH services from over 4 government hospitals. They had mailed the participants entire information statements, their consent forms and baseline questionnaires to those who were interested. Those families who expressed their interest in written informed consent and completed questionnaire were only considered for the research. Randomisation was done for the families to either the control group or the intervention group by computer generated random sequencing which were actually created by independent statistician. The randomisation was also stratified by the reference of the nurses MCH centre. Both the research ream and the families were properly blinded before allocation after which it was not possible to carry so. This was not possible as the method of providing intervention could not be carried on in the blindfolded manner and therefore the intervention group people were e aware of the fact that they were of the particular intervention group. The third criteria that needs to be fulfilled by a proper RCT paper is that whether the participants who entered the trial were properly accounted for at its conclusion. The step was also maintained properly by the researchers. The intervention group were properly guided and the application of the intervention was correctly carried on. After the provision of the resources and the information to the intervention groups at the interval of four weeks firstly by booklet and DVD at fourth week, telephonic conversation up to 8th week and parental discussion at 12 week, assessments were made about their affectivity by closed questionnaire surveys that yielded statistical results. Therefore the trial was not stopped but carried on successfully. Moreover the participants in the two groups were rightly handled and analysed with correct statistical analysis so that the results obtained of the two groups can be found out and the differences in their result was also pointed out clearly. The outco mes were analysed and the results for both the groups were mentioned and there was no discrepancy found from the work of the researchers. The fourth criterion that needs to be governed properly is whether the participants, health care and the study personnel were blinded for the treatment. In the case study, it has been clearly described how randomisation was conducted of the participants into two groups: one being the control group and the other the intervention group with the help of computer generated random sequence. Through the entire procedure starting from the time of taking of the consent as well as up to the time of allocation of the participants to the different groups, both the researchers as well as the participants were blinded. However, the blinding could not be conducted during the time of intervention as the nature of the intervention which was selected could not support the blinding procedure. Here the intervention group had to go through the resources, have telephonic conversation and meeting thereafter. Hence, it was evident for them to understand that they were the intervention group and therefore b linding could not be done. The fifth criterion that any reader should try to judge from the paper is to look for that the groups were similar at the start of the trials or not. The participants who were selected were visitors of the government hospitals whose infants were about 7 days old or older than that. No discrimination was made and no characteristics or features were selected by the researchers. The age of the primary caregivers like the mothers were seen with mean age of 33 and infant mean age was 4. Some of the excluding criteria taken into consideration were parents who could not speak English or whose babies were born before 32 weeks gestation or with a serious health issue. Other than this, no specific factors like sex were utilised. Other than this, no other factors were determined to be present in the participants irrespective of the control and intervention groups. The sixth criterion that needs to be assessed is that whether other than the experimental intervention, the groups were treated equally of not. In the paper, it is seen that the researchers have mentioned very less about the control groups and were discussing more about the intervention groups. However, other than the application of the intervention, no other special benefits or treatment were provided by the researchers. The nurses of the MHC were seen to be equally attending all the participants irrespective of the control as well as the intervention groups showing that no extra preferences were given to the intervention group and therefore any sort of doubts on the researchers biasness could not be captured. The seventh criteria which is one of the most important criteria that the reader needs to assess is that how large was the treatment effect. In that case, one must first try to understand the outcomes that were measured. The infant measures in the paper were measured mainly by the postal survey which was conducted at 4 to 6 months of age. The primary outcomes that the researchers wanted to measure were the effect of the interventions ion the infants night time sleep problem. The other outcomes they wanted to measure were that the whether the infants had day time sleeping habits, crying and feeding issues. These were mostly known by the 72 hour infant behaviour diary for measuring sleeping, feeding and crying and it was complete with the help of likert scale to analyse whether the rate of severity of the issues. The caregiver outcomes were mainly measured with the help of post natal depression scale with score values greater than 8 indicative of the postnatal depression in the caregiv ers. The sleep quality and quantity of them were measured by 2 items taken from Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Caregiver cognitions about infant sleep were measured by 4 subdivisions scales of MCISQ. Reports by the caregivers were given in the number of visits they made o the health care centres, usefulness of the intervention and also ion their breastfeeding duration as well as their changing of the infants formal. When the follow up was conducted at the 4 month interval, no differences were found between the reports made by the caregivers in the domains of infant sleeping, crying as well as feeding problems. However, an interesting feature was seen that infants in the intervention groups who were frequently fed had 87% lower odds of having daytime sleep and 75% of lower crying issues than the control group. However night time sleep reports of the infants were similar in both the groups at the end of the 4 month follow up. However at six months, differences due to being frequent f eeders were not seen. In case of the caregiver outcomes, it was seen that there were no differences in their reports of depression at 4 month study. However, in the 6 month study, intervention group caregivers showed less chances of developing depression than the control groups. The former also showed fewer doubts in their ability to manage their infants sleep at both the tome points. Moreover, it was also seen that after 6 months, intervention groups had to spend less than 20 minutes for managing their infant in the night. They also had less concern regarding infant death, did not have to change formula in comparison to that of the control groups. Therefore it helped to see that the caregivers were indeed benefited from the interventions. However, the results regarding the primary outcomes were not clearly mentioned as it should have been that is sleep problem reduction of the infants at night were not clearly stated and had been clubbed with the effect of frequent feeders stating that they helped to handle days keep issues and crying issues. Nigh time sleep problems which was the primary outcome was analysed to be similar in both groups The next criterion in consideration for appraising the given article is that whether the estimate of the treatment effect was precise or not. The estimates that were made were much precise and were at 95% confidence limits which make the article valuable to be applied in the evidence based studies in the nursing profession. All the confidence limits in each if the statistical analysis of the outcomes were clearly depicted and there was not scope of the researchers to use nay hypothetical statements. Hence the estimates of the treatment effects are indeed found to be quite precise. The ninth criterion that a paper needs to fulfil properly in order to be considered as valuable for different evident based researchers or even by others to gain information in the domain is that whether the results which were obtained from the researchers were valuable or not. This paper really scores well in this criterion as the interventions can be definitely applied to the participants in any scenario. There are indeed large numbers of newly formed parents who come up with issues of depression, sleeplessness, frustration, lack of skills to maintain a baby. There are many parents who even complain of the babies crying at night disrupting their sleep which becomes strenuous for them. The babies tend to cry, not sleep in the night, falls asleep in the day and many others. This is a genuine issue faced by a large number of parents of newly born. Hence the interventions which are mentioned by the researchers are indeed helpful. However, they are seen to be mostly helpful for babies w ho feed well. They are highly beneficial for the parents as they learn to develop skills of maintaining babies, develop ideas about their crying and sleeping patterns and make them aware of the activities of the babies. Hence, the article is indeed helpful and will be beneficial for nurses in evidence based practices. The tenth criterion that needs to be verified is that whether all the clinically important outcomes considered were not. To these, it must be said, that the research brought out very positive effects in the behaviour of the parents as well as the health condition of the parents also became quite well after the application of the intervention. They showed less symptoms of depression and were also not awake in the night for more than 20 minutes. This reflected that the parents developed themselves with the help of the intervention. However, the primary outcome was not satisfied in the part of infant outcomes. The intervention showed no change in the sleep patterns of the baby in both the groups both in 4 month and 6 month time. Therefore the intervention was partly successful and further researches are required to comment more specifically in the primary outcomes. The eleventh and the last criterion that the reader needs to assess are to know what the implications of the study practice are. It also should clarify that whether the benefits worth any harms and costs. The interventions that were provided were totally harmless and also did not possess any threats to any stakeholders associated with the research. This treatment had no negative short or long term impacts. They are indeed found to be extremely helpful for a large number of parents and they indeed reported positive results with the assessment scales of depression and other. Therefore, the research can be used by young researchers for further carrying out researches to develop the interventions for better outcomes or even for perform the literature revise for their own researches. Young healthcare professionals may also use this as evidence based practices where they will use this intervention for treating parents who come for their advice and how to manage their babies. From the entire appraisal, it is evident that the information provided by the paper is indeed much helpful in educating the modern day parents. The intervention s have made them understand the systematic ways of handling the issues of infant crying, lack of night sleep, day sleep and others. The paper has shown that good feeding babies are the ones who show less symptoms and day sleep when the interventions are applied. Moreover, the parents were less depressed and seemed to develop ideas about how to control their babies. Therefore, indeed the paper was helpful as it helped to give good suggestions about how to maintain the health of the mother and the infant at the same time and therefore a valuable paper in maternal and childcare nursing. References: De Choudhury, M., Counts, S., Horvitz, E. J., Hoff, A. (2014, February). Characterizing and predicting postpartum depression from shared facebook data. InProceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work social computing(pp. 626-638). ACM. Gorman, J. (2017). Postpartum Depression and Opinions on Screening. Hiscock, H., Cook, F., Bayer, J., Le, H. N., Mensah, F., Cann, W., ... St James-Roberts, I. (2014). Preventing early infant sleep and crying problems and postnatal depression: a randomized trial.Pediatrics,133(2), e346-e354. Kettunen, P., Koistinen, E., Hintikka, J. (2014). Is postpartum depression a homogenous disorder: time of onset, severity, symptoms and hopelessness in relation to the course of depression.BMC pregnancy and childbirth,14(1), 402. Nadelson, S., Nadelson, L. S. (2014). Evidence?Based Practice Article Reviews Using CASP Tools: A Method for Teaching EBP.Worldviews on Evidence?Based Nursing,11(5), 344-346.